Rice is one of the main grain crops in China, and paddy field cultivation is an important process in rice production. The optimized DEM model had an overall relative error of 7.27% with a coefficient of variation of 1.32%, indicating that the DEM parameters of the calibrated paddy soil had good accuracy. The optimization results showed that to achieve a minimum δ ZH (5.96%), the surface energy of soil, the coefficients of soil–soil rolling friction, and the coefficients of soil–steel static friction should be 0.808 J m −2, 0.11, and 0.6, respectively. Based on the PB test, the surface energy of soil, coefficients of soil–soil rolling friction, and coefficients of soil–steel static friction exerted larger influences on the overall relative error ( δ ZH). The accuracies of the developed DEM models were evaluated using actual slumping tests. The DEM parameters of the paddy soil modelled using the Hertz–Mindlin with JKR contact model were determined by using the Plackett–Burman (PB), steepest ascent, and central composite tests. This study aimed to provide an efficient method for accurately determining the DEM parameters of a paddy soil with a high moisture content (45.66%). Discrete element modelling (DEM) parameters are of great importance for the accurate prediction of soil properties and disturbance.
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